Disc prolapse

This animated medical illustration of disc prolapse was designed for Brainbook to support a video introducing spinal anatomy, and common problems that neurosurgeons may treat with surgery. Discs are rubbery shock absorbers that are sandwiched between the vertebrae (the column of bones that make up the spine). Each disc has a jelly-like center surrounded by a tough outer layer. If this outer layer cracks, the squishy center can bulge out (prolapse). Depending on the direction and size of this, it can put pressure on nerves causing symptoms like shooting pains.

Surgery may be helpful for some people, but where the risks outweigh the potential benefits, there are other options such as medication and physiotherapy that are often considered first.